阅读理解中关于选项中作者是什么态度的单词，什么想法的单词，这类你每次选项都认不全的单词的集合背一下。2020年全国新东方在线考研英语课堂试题及答案。
TEXT 1
A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.
Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.
Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.
Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.
Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.
So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.
1. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on
[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.
[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.
[C] the administrations ability to handle information.
[D] social media was a reliable source of news.
2. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to
[A] sharpen
[B] define
[C] boast
[D] share
3. According to the knight foundation survey, young people
[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.
[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.
[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.
[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”
4. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is
[A] readers outdated values.
[B] journalists’ biased reporting
[C] readers’ misinterpretation
[D] journalists’ made-up stories.
5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online
[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend
[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.
[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.
TEXT 2
The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality
And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.
Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.
If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.
6.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by
[A]. its unbalanced budget.
[B] .its rigid management.
[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.
[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.
7. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to
[A]. the interference from interest groups.
[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.
[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.
[D] .the incompetence of postal unions.
8.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by
[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.
[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.
[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.
[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.
9.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with
[A] respect.
[B] tolerance.
[C] discontent.
[D] gratitude.
10.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days
[B] .The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese
[C] .The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure
[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid
TEXT 1
1.【答案】[D] social media as a reliable source of news
【解析】双段推理题。根据题目定位到第1段和第2段，双段推理优先考虑双段主旨。第一段中心句为最后一句话：Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform。“千禧一代喜欢白宫直接发布的消息…而不是总统社交媒体发布的信息”，说明他们不太信任社交媒体。第2段中心为第二句转折之后，说明对于社交媒体的不信任上升。故双段中心都和他们不信任社交媒体相关。结合以上信息，得出社交媒体信息不可靠，选择D。
2.【答案】[A] sharpen
【解析】词汇释义题。根据题目定位到第2段第2句：Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills。句子的情感色彩判断，因为逗号前提到“人们对于所有媒体的不信任增加”，可以推知人们应该开始增强其媒体素养的技能，故选A。
3.【答案】B verify news by referring to diverse sources.
【解析】范例证明题。根据题干定位至第三段第二句话。因为某项研究一般是论据证明前面的论点，故答案应该位于第一句话“Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at seperating fact from fiction in cyberspace.” 说明答案应该“和年轻人更容易把网络中的事实和虚假信息区分开来”，故答案为B“验证新闻的真伪”。为了精确可以在论据中去验证，论据中提到“verify stories”, “cross check sources”和“prefer news from different perspectives”，都是和多重角度验证信息真伪相关的。
4.【答案】C readers’ misinterpretation
【解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位至第五段第三句found之后a main reason对应the top reason，而原文剩余信息为“reader error”, 所以应该和读者相关。Error应该对应misinterpretation, 故答案为C readers’ misinterpretation。若本句不清晰，下句进一步说明答案的内容，文中misintepretation or exerggeration of actual news进一步印证C为正确答案。
5.【答案】A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online
【解析】全文主旨题。本篇文章属于篇首转折，二段转折之后为全文主旨，yet之后说道：“Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be strarting to beef up their media literacy skills”.“随着对于所有媒体不信任的上升，人们开始增强其媒体素养的技能”，故答案为A。为了验证，可以看篇末，篇末重申主题，so之后讲道“so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reaveal a mental discipline in thinking skills-and in their choices on when to share on social media.” 更进一步说明和人们批判性看待社交媒体上的新闻相关。
TEXT 2
6.【答案】[B] its rigid management
【解析】根据题干判断本题考查因果细节。第一段的前三句都是有关USPS的具体数字，属于细节信息。第四句出现many reasons很多原因。紧接着下面就有fundamentally根本原因是， 所以定位在第一段的最后一句。然后分析这个长难句，USPS 处在squeeze between 1 and 2,中，1是technological change, 2是structure. 2的structure后定语从句：denies management flexibility 对应选项B: rigid management。
7.【答案】[A] the interference from interest groups
【解析】 根据题干due to，判断本题考查因果细节。根据题干关键词：USPS fails to modernize 定位到原文第二段最后一句，在这句前leaving，留下，导致这个结果，往前找原因，前一句提到reform legislation, 而且这句前还有this is why，只要找到代词this指代就可以判断选项。代词往前推，根据这句主干interest groups exerts pressure on Congress选择选项A，interference 对应 exert pressure on。
8.【答案】[A] removing its burden of retiree health care
【解析】 因果细节题。根据38题题干The long-standing complaint by the ....回文定位到第3段，最后一句：“ The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus....” .再根据题干中“ can be addressed by” 即：通过哪种方式解决，此处为解题要点，通过哪种方式来解决，前后明显为结果与途径的关系，即可理解为因果关系。文章此句后半句正是题干，thus前半句为答案The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care。与 A. B . C .D 四个选项匹配后，正确答案为 A removing its burden of retiree health care。
9.【答案】[C] discontent
【解析】根据题干可以判断本题为观点态度题。回文定位到最后一段。题干“the author seems to view legislators with”, 具体定位到最后一段倒数第2句：“ The emerging.....is a sign that legislators are getting frightened.......” 再根据题干，问作者最终态度，本段最后一句，转折句是作者最终的态度：“ It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about....” , 即作者认为他们并没有认真对待。所以此处作者态度为否定。匹配A B C D 四个选项 只有C discontent( 不满)为负向信息，所以为正确答案。
10.【答案】[D] The Postal Service Needs more than a Band-Aid
【解析】根据题干特征词“best title”，这是一道主旨题。根据前四道题问的主题，第一道题和第二道题是USPS出现了问题，并分析原因，第三道题给出解决方法，第四道题提到作者对于这个方法的态度，即提出问题—分析问题—解决问题，并在最后给出作者对这个解决方案的评价。根据这个文章框架，首先A选项“USPS开始错过了它的好时光”，这只是提出问题，相对片面;B选项“USPS：不要动我的奶酪”, 这是拒绝解决问题的态度，不符合文章的写作思路;C选项“USPS：慢性病需要快方法”，这个chronic和quick都没有在文中提到;D选项“USPS需要的不仅仅是权宜之计”，这说的其实作者对于解决方案的评价，在文章最后一段。这段最后结尾有But，有however， “it[指代前文讲的方法] is not a sign……”，对此作者表示否定态度。所以D选项为正确答案。
2020年全国新东方在线
考研英语课堂试题及答案。正确的选项往往以同义替换的形式出现。这一点是成败的关键，考研英语阅读的每一个问题都是非常严谨的，其严谨在于：正确选项实质上就是原文中某句话的同义替换，而不是靠蒙和猜，正确选项一定能在原文中找到相应的依据。
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