2020年全国新东方在线北大考研英语试题及答案

 

　　Practice 1

 

　　Policemen, both in Britain and the United States, hardly recognize any likeness between their lives and what they see on TV.

 

　　The first difference is that a policeman's real life centers round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, running down as alley after someone he wants to talk to.

 

　　He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty or not of stupid, petty crimes.

 

　　Most television crime drama is about the criminal. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attack where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police-little effort is spent on searching. The police have a well-designed machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men.

 

　　Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by people who don't want to get involved in a court case. So, as well as being overworked, a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them to help him.

 

　　A third big difference is the unpleasant moral twilight in which the real one lives. Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures: firstly, as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality: secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both.

 

　　If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-mindedness as he sees it, of citizens, social workers, doctors, lawmakers, and judges, who instead of stamping out crime, punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that ninetenths of their work is recatching people who have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.

 

　　1.It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law because

 

　　2.The everyday life of a policeman or detective is

 

　　3.When murders and terrorist attack occur the police

 

　　4.The real detective lives in “an unpleasant moral twilight" because

 

　　5.Detectives are rather cynical because

 

    Practice 2

 

　　Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction. For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else, he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute without least consideration ; he does so with skill and polish:“I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size. It happens to be the color you mentioned." Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is:“This is the right color and may be the right size but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on.

 

　　Now how does a women go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look round". She is always open to persuasion: indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a tiresome process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.

 

　　1.What does a man usually do when he is buying clothes?

 

　　2.What does the passage tell us about women shoppers for clothes?

 

　　3.What does a man do when he can not get exactly what he wants?

 

　　4.Many jokes make fun of women shoppers by saying that

 

　　5.What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers?

 

　　Practice 3

 

　　When you are small, all ambitions fall into one grand category（范畴）: when I'm grown up. When I'm grown up, you say, I'll go up in space. I'm going to be an author. I'll kill them all and then they'll be sorry.

 

　　None of it ever happens, of course, or very little; but the fantasies give you the idea that the saddest things about golden youth is the feeling that from eighteen on, it is all downhill. A determination to be better adults than the present job-takers is fine, but to refuse to grow up at all is just plain unrealism.

 

　　Right, so then you get some of what you want, or something like it, or something that will do all right, and for years you are too busy to do more than live in the present and put one foot in front of the other; your goals stretching little beyond the day when the boss has a stroke or the moment when the children can bring you tea in bed and the later moment when they actually bring you hot tea, not mostly slopped in the saucer. However, I have now discovered an even sweeter category of ambition.

 

　　When my children are grown up I'll learn to fly an plane, I will career round the sky, knowing that if I do “go pop" there will be at least no little ones to suffer shock and grief; that even if the worst does come, I'll at least escape a long stay in hospital and all that looking for your glasses in order to see where you've left your teeth. When the children are grown up I'll actually be able to do a day's work for a weekend without planning as if for a trip to the moon. When I'm grown up—when they're grown up—I'll be free.

 

　　Of course, I know it's got to get worse before it gets better. Twelve-year-olds, I'm told, don't go to bed at seven, so you don't ever get your evenings; once they're past ten you have to start worrying about their friends instead of simply shutting the intruders（非法入侵者） off the doorstep. Of course, you've got even more to worry about.

 

　　1.What interests the writer about the young is that they

 

　　2.What does the author feel is wrong with the modern youth?

 

　　3.She feels that as an adult one must

 

　　4.When her children have grown up, the author will feel free to

 

　　5.What are her present feelings about her children?

 

　　Practice 4

 

　　In 1975 a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenzalike cases. Influenza is sometimes called “flu" or a “bad cold". He took samples from the throats of patients and in his hospital was able to find the virus　of this influenza.

 

　　There are three main types of the influenza virus（病毒）. The most important of these are type A and B, each of them having several subgroups. With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus in group A, but he did not know the subgroup. Then he reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. W.H.O. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong, where about 15～20% of the population had become ill.

 

　　As soon as the London doctors receive the package of throat samples, doctors began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself with very high speed, the virus had grown more than a million times within two days. Continuing their careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs against all the known subgroups of virus type A. None of them gave any protection. This, then, was something new, a new influenza virus, against which the people of the world had no help whatever. Having found the virus they were working with, the two doctors now dropped it into the noses of some specially selected animals, which get influenza much as human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. These experiments proved that the new virus was easy to catch, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like the general public, call it simply Asian flu.

 

　　The first discovery of the virus, however, was made in China before the disease had appeared in other countries. Various reports showed that the influenza outbreak started in　China, probably in February of 1957. By the middle of March it had spread all over China. The virus was found by Chinese doctors early in March. But China is not a member of the World Health Organization and therefore does not report outbreaks of disease to it. Not until two months later, when travelers carried the virus into Hong Kong, from where it spread to Singapore, did the news of the outbreak reach the rest of the world. By this time it was started on its way around the world.

 

　　Thereafter, W.H.O.'s Weekly Reports described the steady spread of this virus outbreak, which within four months swept through every continent.

 

　　1. The doctor in Singapore performed a valuable service by

 

　　2. One interesting thing about the virus in the story was that

 

　　3. The type of influenza discussed in the story

 

　　4. The experiments in giving the virus to animals proved that this type of influenza was easy to catch but

 

　　5. One reason why the outbreak of the disease was not　discovered sooner

 

　　was that

 

　　Practice 5

 

　　In many businesses, computers have largely replaced paperwork, because they are fast, flexible, and do not make mistakes. As one banker said, “Unlike humans, computers never have a bad day." And they are honest. Many banks advertise that their transactions are “untouched by human hands" and therefore safe from human temptation. Obviously, computers have no reason to steal money. But they also have no conscience, and the growing number of computer crimes shows they can be used to steal.

 

　　Computer criminals don't use guns. And even if they are caught, it is hard to punish them because there are no witness and often no evidence. A computer cannot remember who used it: it simply does what it is told. The head teller at a New York bank used a computer to steal more than one and a half billion dollars in just four years. No one noticed this theft (盗窃) because he moved the money from one account to another. Each time a customer he had robbed questioned the balance in his account, the teller claimed a computer error, then replaced the missing money from someone else's account. This man was caught only because he was a gambler. When the police broke up an illegal gambling operation, his name was in the records.

 

　　Some employees use the computer's power to get revenge (报复) on their employers they consider unfair. Recently, a large insurance company fired its computer-tape librarian for reasons that involved her personal rather than her professional life. She was given thirty days notice. In those thirty days, she erased all the firm's computerized records.

 

　　Most computer criminals have been minor employees. Now police wonder if this is “the tip of the iceberg." As one official says, “I have the feeling that there is more crime out there than we are catching. What we are seeing now is all so poorly done. I wonder what the real experts are doing — the ones who know how a computer works."

 

　　1. What is the passage mainly about?

 

　　2. Transactions in many banks are claimed to be safe because they

 

　　3. The bank teller covered up his crime by

 

　　4. What must the librarian do thirty days after she received the notice?

 

　　5. According to the last paragraph, what kind of criminals are the police unable to catch?

 

　　Key

 

　　Practice 1

 

　　1. so that he can justify his arrests in court

 

　　2. wasted on unimportant matters

 

　　3. prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself away

 

　　4. he is forced to break the law in order to preserve it

 

　　5. society does not punish criminals severely enough

 

　　Practice 2

 

　　1. He does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things

 

　　2. They welcome suggestions from anyone.

 

　　3. He usually does not buy anything.

 

　　4. they waste money on inferior goods

 

　　5. The time they take over buying clothes.

 

　　Practice3

 

　　1. have such long term ambition

 

　　2. Their not wanting to improve adults

 

　　3. find a compromise between ambition and reality

 

　　4. live more dangerously

 

　　5. They are approaching a difficult age.

 

　　Practice4

 

　　1. reporting the outbreak to Geneva

 

　　2. it could reproduce with great speed

 

　　3. could not be cured by any known drug

 

　　4. but was not deadly

 

　　5. China did not belong to WHO then.

 

　　Practice 5

 

　　1. Computer crimes. (或 Computer criminals.)

 

　　2. are untouched by human hands (或 are handled by computers)

 

　　3. claiming a computer error (或 moving money from one account to another)

 

　　4. Leave her job. (或 Quit her work.)

 

　　5. Computer experts.

 

2020年全国新东方在线北大考研英语试题及答案。阅读题不要做太多，因为我们复习的精力是有限的，所以不要买很多题，我们没法做完，一套就能满足我们需求。